Be, Have (Present Tense)

AFFIRMATIVE FORM

I have --- Anne alonee

You have --- Niska aleka (male singular)

You have --- Niskee alekee (female singular)

You have --- Niskatkoom alekoom (male plural)

You have --- Nskatkin alekin (female plural)

He has --- Nisoo alewo

She has --- Nsa alewa

We have --- Nihna alena

They have --- Nisatom alewom (male singular)

They have --- Nisaten alewen (female singular)


EXAMPLES

I have a car --- Anne makina alonee

She has a book --- Nsa mets'haf alewa

He has a suitcase --- Nsoo balija alewo

They have a car --- Nsom makina alewom (male plural)

They have a car --- Nsen makina alewen (female plural)

We have two houses --- Nihna kilte ghezawtee alena

I have two brothers --- Kilte ahwat alewoonee


NEGATIVE FORMS

I have not --- Yebleyn

You have not --- Yeblkan (male singular)

You have not --- Yeblkin (female singular)

You have not --- Yeblkoomn (male plural)

You have not --- Yeblkinin (female plural)

He has not --- Yebloon

She has not --- Yeblan

We have not --- Yeblnan

They have not --- Yeblom'n (male plural)

They have not --- Yeblen'n (female plural)


EXAMPLES

I don't have a car --- Makina yebleyn

He does not have a suitcase --- Nsoo balija yebloon

She does not have a bag --- Nsa borsa yeblan

We do not have time --- Nihna ghieza yeblnan

They do not have a car --- Makina yeblomn (male plural)

They do not have a car --- Makina yeblenin (female plural)


INTERROGATIVE FORMS

Have I? --- Alenee dyoo

Have you? --- Aleka'dyoo

Have you? --- Alekee'dyoo

Have you? --- Alekoom'dyoo

Have you? --- Alekin dyoo

Has he? --- Alewo'dyoo

Has she? --- Alewa'dyoo

Have we? --- Alena dyoo

Have they? --- Alewom'dyoo


EXAMPLES

Does he have a car --- Gheza alewo'do

Does she have a bag --- Borsa alewa'do

Have you got brothers --- Ahwat alewooka'do (male singular)

Have you got brothers --- Ahwat alewookee'do (Female singular)

Have you got brothers --- Ahwat alewookum'do (male plural)

Have you got brothers --- Ahwat alewakin'do (female plural)

Yes I have got two brothers --- Ewe, kelite ahwat alewoonee

Has she got a boyfriend? --- Arekee alewa'do

No she hasn't --- Yeblan


PAST TENSE (HAD)

I had --- Ane neiroonee

You had --- Neska neiruka (male singular)

You had --- Neskee neirookee (female singular)

You had --- Neskatkoom neirkoom (male plural)

You had --- Neskatkin neirookn (female plural)

He had --- Nsoo neyrwo

She had --- Nsa neyrwa

We had --- Nihna neiruna

They had --- Nisom neyrwom (male plural)

They had --- Nisen neyrwen (female plural)


EXAMPLES

I had a black jacket --- Ane tselim jacket neiroonee

He had a lot of money --- Nsoo bezooh ghenzeb neirwo

She had a boyfriend --- Nsa arkee neirwa

Past Tense

AFFIRMATIVE FORMS

I was --- Anne neire

You were --- Niska nierka (male singular)

You were --- Niskee nierkee (female singular)

You were --- Niskatkoom nierkum (male plural)

He was --- Nsoo neyroo

She was --- Nissa neira

We were --- Nihna nierna

They were --- Nistom neyrom (male plural)

They were --- Nisaten neyren (female plural)


EXAMPLES

I was a pupil --- Anne temeharay neire

She was at home --- Nsa ab gheza neira

He was here -- Nsoo abzee neiroo


Where were you? --- Abey neirka (male singular)

Where were you? --- Abey neirkee (female singular)

Where were you? --- Abey neirkoom (male plural)

Where were you? ---Abey neirkin (female plural)

I was at home --- Ab gheza neire

We were at home --- Ab gheza neirna



NEGATIVE FORMS

I was not --- Ane ayneberkoon

You were not --- Niska ayneberkan (male singular)

You were not --- Niskee ayneberkin (female singular)

You were not --- Niskatkoom ayneberkoom (male plural)

You were not --- Niskatkin ayneberkinen (female plural)

He was not --- Nsoo ayneberen

She was not --- Nsa eyneberetn

We were not --- Nihna aynebernan

They were not --- Nisatom aneberoon (male plural)

They were not --- Nisaten ayneberan (female plural)



I was not a pupil --- Anne temeharay ayneberkoon

You were not here -- Niska abzee ayneberkan (male singular)

You were not here --- Niskee abzee ayneberkin (female singular)

You were not here --- Niskatkum abzee ayneberkoomn (male plural)

You were not here --- Niskatken abzee ayneberkinen (female plural)

She was not at home --- Nisa ab gheza ayneberetin

He was not lazy --- Nso hakay ayneberen


INTERROGATIVE FORMS

Was I --- Niere dye

Were you --- Neireka deeka (male singular)

Were you --- Neirkee deekee (female singular)

Were you --- Nierkoom deekoom (male plural)

Were you --- Nierkin deekin

Was he --- Neyroo dyoo

Was she --- Neyra dya

Were we --- Nierna dina

Were they --- Nierom diyom (male plural)

Were they --- Nieren diyen (female plural)

Was he at home --- Ab gheza neyroo dyoo

Were you there --- Ab'u nierka'do (male singular)

Were you there --- Ab'u nierkee'do (female singular)

Were you there --- Ab'u nierkoom'do (male plural)

Were you there --- Ab'u nierkin'do (female plural)

Be, Have (Interrogative Form)

Am I --- Ane dye

Are you --- Niska deeka (male singular)

Are you --- Niskee deekee (female singular)

Are you --- Niskatkoom deekoom (male plural)

Are you --- Niskatkin deekin (female plural)

Is he --- Nsoo dyoo

Is she --- Nsa dya

Are we --- Nihna dina

Are they --- Nisatom dyom

Are they --- Nisen diyen



EXAMPLES

Am I ?--- Ane dye

Yes you are --- Ewe niska ika

Are you? --- Niska dika

Yes I am --- Ewe ane'ye

Is he? --- Nsoo dyoo

Yes he is --- Ewe iyoo

No, he isn't --- Aykonen

Be, Have (Negative Form)

I am not --- Ane aykonkoon

You are not --- Niska aykonkan (male singular)

You are not --- Niskee aykonkn (female singular)

You are not --- Niskatkoom aykonkoomn (male plural)

You are not --- Niskatkin aykonkinin (female plural)

He is not --- Nisoo aykonen

She is not --- Nisa aykonetin

We are not --- Nihna aykonnan

They are not --- Nisatom aykonoon (male plural)

They are not --- Nisaten aykonan (female plural)


EXAMPLES

I am not a pupil --- Ane temeharay aykonkoon

He is not a teacher --- Nsoo memhir aykonen

She is not wise --- Nsa lebam aykonetn

We are not students --- Nihna temeharo aykonan

She is wise --- Nsa lebam iya

She is not wise --- Nsa lebam aykonetn

He is rich --- Nsoo habtam iyoo

He is not rich --- Nsoo habtam aykonen

I am a student --- Ane temeharay iye

I am not a student --- Ane temeharay aykonkoon

Be, Have

Present tense

Affirmative Form

I am --- Ane eye

He is --- Nsoo iyoo

She is --- Nsa iya

You are --- Niska ika (male singular)

You are --- Niskee ikee (female singular)

You are --- Niskatkoom ikoom (male plural)

You are --- Niskatkin ikin (female plural)

We are --- Ninna inna

They are --- Nisatom iyom (male plural)

They are --- Nisaten iyen (female plural)


EXAMPLES

I am a pupil --- Anne temaharay aye

He is a teacher --- Nsoo memhir iyoo

She is Eritrean --- Nsa aiertrawit iya

She is lazy --- Nsa hakay iya

You are wise --- Niska lebam ika (male singular)

You are wise --- Niskee lebam ikee (female singular)

You are wise --- Niskatkoom lebamat ikoom (male plural)

You are wise --- Niskatkin lebamat ikin (female plural)

We are students --- Nihna temeharo inna

They are Eritreans --- Nsatom Eritrawyan iyom (male plural)

They are Eritreans --- Nsaten Ertrawyan iyen (female plural)

He is at home --- Nsoo ab gheza alo

There is enough food --- Ukool megbee alo

Family

Aunt --- Hatno (mother's sister)

Aunt --- Amo (father's sister)

Aunt --- Seytee hawebo (Uncle's wife)

Aunt --- Seytee ako (Uncle's wife)

Boy --- Weddee

Brother --- haw

Brother in law --- Zoma

Child --- Kol'a

Cousin --- wedee ako (Uncle's son)

Cousin --- Gual ako (Uncle's daughter)

Cousin --- Wedee hawebo (Uncle's son)

Cousin --- Gual hawebo (Uncle's daughter)

Daughter --- Woolad gual

Daughter in law --- Seytee wedee

Family --- Sidra biet

Father --- Abo

Father in law --- Hamoo

Girl --- Gual

Grand child --- wedee wedee (boy)

Grand child --- wedee gual

Grand father --- Abahago

Grandmother --- Eno hago

Husband --- Be'al bet

Mother --- Ade

Mother in law --- Hamat

Nephew --- Wedee haw (brother's son)

Nephew --- Wedee haftee (sister's son)

Niece --- gual haw

Niece --- Gual haftee

Parent --- Weledee

Sister --- Haftee

Sister in law --- Ni'eltee

Son --- Weddee

Uncle --- Hawebo (father's brother)

Uncle --- Ako (mother's brother)

Uncle --- Seb'ay hatno (aunt's husband)

Uncle --- Uncle Seb'ay amo (aunt's husband)

Nationality

America --- Americawee

Arabia --- Arebawee

Australia --- Australawee

Britain --- Britaniawee

Canada --- Canadawee

China --- Chaynawee

Egypt --- Gb'tsawee

England --- Englizawee

Eritrea --- Eritrawee

Finland --- Finlandwee

France --- Ferensawee

German --- Germenawee

Greece --- Greekawee

Italy --- Tilian

Japan --- Japanawee

Norway --- Norwejawee

Spain --- Aspagnawee

Sweeden --- Sweednawee


EXAMPLES

What is your nationality --- Zieg'netka antay iyoo

I'm American --- Americawee iye

Where do you come from --- Kabey hagher metsi'aka

I come from America --- Kab America metsia

Colors

Black --- Tseleem

Blue --- Semeyawee

Brilliant --- Brooh

Brown --- Boonawee

Golden --- Werkawee

Green --- Ketelia or Hamley

Grey --- Hamukushtay

Orange --- Aranshonee

Red -- Keih

Rose --- Roza

Violet --- Leela

White --- Tsa'eda

Yellow --- Bicha

Clothes

Apron --- Grimbyale

Belt --- Koolfi

Boot --- Newih chama

Coat --- Juba

Frock --- Jelebya

Glove --- Guantee

Handkerchief --- Mendeel

Jacket --- Jakiet

Lace --- Lachi

Necktie --- Kravat

Overcoat --- Kabot

Pajamas --- Peejama

Underpants --- Mutanta

Scarf --- Sharba

Shirt --- Kamcha

Undershirt --- Kanatiera

Shorts --- Koomta sire

Skirt --- Gona

Slipper --- Shebet

Sock --- Kalsee

Suit --- Komplieto

Sweater --- Golfo

Trousers --- Sire

T-shirt --- Malya

Ornaments

Bangle --- Ambar

Bracelet --- Benajeer

Broach --- Adiat

Earring --- Kutisha

Jewel --- Unkee

Necklace --- Maeteb

Ring --- Kelebet

Ornament --- Slmat

Lipstick --- Lipstic

Furniture

Axe --- Fas

Basket --- Zembeel

Bottle --- Tirmooz

Broom --- Mekoster

Bucket --- Shankielo

Carpet --- Mentsaf

Charcoal --- Feham

Coffee pot --- Jebena

Cup --- Kubaya

Equipment --- Nawtee

Eyeglasses --- Menetsir

Fire --- Hawee

Fork --- Forkieta

Freezer --- Mezhalee

Garage --- Gohaf

Hammer --- Martielo

Hatchet --- Msar

Iron --- Fiero

Jar --- Sarma

Knife --- Kara

Ladle --- Chilfa

Locker --- Likieto

Match --- Kerbeet

Mirror --- Mestiat

Nail --- Mismar

Oven --- Medija

Perfume --- Chena

Plate --- Biatee

Refrigerator --- Mezhalee

Rubbish --- Gohaf

Sack --- Kisha

Saw --- Megaz

Scissors --- Mekez

Shelf --- Kebhee

Sickle --- Ma'atseed

Sieve --- Menfeet

Sofa --- Salon

Spoon --- Manka

Stick --- Betree

Stool --- Doonka

Table --- Terepieza

Teapot --- Berad

Tin --- Tanika

Towel --- Shigomano

Toy --- Bamboola

The Body

FACE

Beard --- Chehmee

Bald --- Berah

Cheek --- Me'ugurtee

Chin --- Menkes

Eye --- Ayne

Ear --- Eznee

Forehead --- Gnbar

Gray Hair --- Shebet

Hair --- Tseguree

Head --- R'esi

Jaw --- Mengaga

Lip --- Kenfer

Moustache --- Chihmee La'aleway Kenfer

Mouth --- Af

Nose --- Afincha

Tooth --- Senee

Tongue --- Melhas

Temple --- Metih


BODY

Abdomen --- Kebdee

Ankle --- Ankar Ankarito

Arm --- Keltsem

Armpit --- Tushtush

Back --- Hooko

Big toe --- Abay abaito

Bladder --- Fihigna

Blood --- Dem

Bone --- Atsmee

Bowel --- Me'anta

Brain --- Hangol

Breast --- Toob

Butt --- Me'akor

Chest --- Aflebee

Finger --- Atsabi'e

Foot --- Egree

Hand --- Eed

Heart --- Libee

Hip --- Mehkooltee

Heel --- Kurukure

Intestine --- Me'anta

Kidney --- Kooleet

Knee --- Birkee

Leg --- Agree

Liver --- Tselam kebdee

Lung --- Sambu'e

Muscle --- Chewada

Navel --- Himbirtee

Neck --- Kisad

Nipple --- Chaf toob

Penis --- Metlo

Shoulder --- Menkoob

Skin --- Korbet

Stomach --- Kes'a

Testicle --- Fre nebsee

Thigh --- Selef

Throat --- Gororo

Thumb --- Abay ebayto

Toe --- Atsab'e

Vagina --- R'hmee

Interrogative Pronouns

What --- Entay

Who --- Men

Whom --- N'men

Which --- Ayenay (male singular)
Which --- Ayeneytee (female singular)
Which --- Ayenot (male and female plural)

Whose --- Nay men

When --- Me'as

Where --- Abey

Why --- Silemintay

Till what time --- Kisa'e me'as

By what means --- Bmintay

For what reason --- Slemintay

What for --- Nimentay

What is it like --- Kemey iyoo

What's more --- Kalia'ke

What happened --- Antay koinoo

So what --- Ihee'mo hijee

What's your name --- Men simka (male singular)
What's your name --- Men sinkee (female singular)

What's his name --- Men simoo

What's her name --- Men sima

From where --- Kabey

To where --- Nabey

With whom --- Mis men

With whom did you go with --- Mis men kiedka/kee/koom/kin

To whom --- Nmen

Since when --- Kab me'as jemiroo

Till when --- Kisa'e me'as

Which one --- Ayenay


PRACTICE

What is this --- Ezee entay iyoo

Who is this --- Ezee men iyoo

Whom do you want --- Nmen tidelee

Which is your suitcase --- Ayenai iyoo balijaka

Which is yours --- Ayenay iyoo natka

Whose house is this --- Ezee nay men gheza iyoo

When did you come --- Me'as metsi'eka (male singular)
When did you come --- Me'as metsi'ekee (female singular)
When did you come --- Me'as metsi'ekoom (male plural)
When did you come --- Me'as metsi'eken (female plural)

Where do you come from --- Kabey metsi'eka (male singular)
Where do you come from --- Kabey metsi'ekee (female singular)
Where do you come from --- Kabey metsi'e koom (male plural)
Where do you come from --- Kabey metsi'eken (female plural)

Demonstrative Pronouns

This --- Ezee (male singular)

This --- Ezee'a (female singular)

That --- Etee (male singular)

That --- Etee'a (female singular)

These --- Ezee'om (male plural)

These --- Etee'om (female plural)

Those --- Etee'om (male plural)

Those --- Etee'am (female plural)


PRACTICE

This is a bag --- Ezee borsa iyoo

That is hers --- Etee nata iyoo

These are boys --- Ezee'om awedat iyom

Those are pupils --- Etee'om temeharo iyom

Reflexive Pronouns

Myself --- Ba'eley

Yourself --- Ba'elika (male singular)
Yourself --- Ba'elkee (female singular)
Yourselves --- Ba'elkoom (male plural)
Yourselves --- Ba'elkin (female plural)

Himself -- Ba'eloo

Herself --- Ba'ela

Ourselves --- Ba'elna

Themselves --- Ba'elom (male plural)
Themselves --- Ba'elen (female plural)


PRACTICE

I myself --- Ane ba'eley

You yourself --- Neska ba'eleka (male singular)
You yourself --- Neskee ba'elekee (female singular)

You yourselves --- Neskatkoom ba'elekoom (male plural)
You yourselves --- Neskatken ba'eleken (female plural)

He himself --- Nsoo ba'eloo

She herself --- Nsa ba'ela

We ourselves --- Nehana ba'elena

They themselves --- Nsom ba'elom (male plural)

I myself did it --- Ane ba'eley gheyreyo

She herself wrote it --- Nsa ba'ela tsiheefato

He himself said so --- Nsoo ba'eloo kem'u iloo

Object Pronouns

Me --- N'ay

You --- N'aka (male singular)
You --- Ne'akee (female singular)
You --- Ne'akat Koom (male plural)
You --- Ne'akatkin (female plural)

Him --- N'a'u

Her --- N'e'a

Us --- Ne'ana

Them --- Ne'atatom (male plural)
Them --- Ne'ataten (female plural)


PRACTICE

Give Me --- Ne'ay habeni or Habenee

He hit me --- Nsoo ne'ay harimuni or Hareemooni

Give her --- Ne'aa haba or Habba

Let's go --- Nkid

Let's eat --- Nibla'e

Let's drink --- Niste

Let's sleep --- Nideks

Let me tell you --- Kinegreka

Let me go --- Kikeyd

Let her come --- Timtsa'e

Let him drink --- Yiste